方法一：使用官方 Ubuntu 工具链测试仓库（推荐）
这是最安全的方法，提供经过测试的较新版本 GCC/g++。
添加工具链测试仓库
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo apt update
查看可用的 g++ 版本
DESKTOP-9JE80U8:~$ apt list -a g++-*
Listing... Done
g++-11-multilib/focal 11.4.0-2ubuntu1~20.04 amd64
g++-11/focal 11.4.0-2ubuntu1~20.04 amd64
g++-13-multilib/focal 13.1.0-8ubuntu1~20.04.2 amd64
g++-13/focal 13.1.0-8ubuntu1~20.04.2 amd64
g++-4.4-multilib/raring 4.4.7-2ubuntu2 amd64
g++-4.4/raring 4.4.7-2ubuntu2 amd64
g++-4.6-multilib/raring 4.6.4-1ubuntu1 amd64
g++-4.6/raring 4.6.4-1ubuntu1 amd64
g++-4.7-aarch64-linux-gnu/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross0.6 amd64
g++-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabi/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross1.81 amd64
g++-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabihf/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross1.81 amd64
g++-4.7-multilib-arm-linux-gnueabi/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross1.81 amd64
g++-4.7-multilib-arm-linux-gnueabihf/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross1.81 amd64
g++-4.7-multilib-powerpc-linux-gnu/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross0.7 amd64
g++-4.7-multilib/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1 amd64
g++-4.7-powerpc-linux-gnu/raring 4.7.3-1ubuntu1cross0.7 amd64
g++-4.7/raring,now 4.7.3-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
g++-aarch64-linux-gnu/raring 4:4.7.2-1 amd64
g++-arm-linux-gnueabi/raring 4:4.7.2-1 amd64
g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf/raring 4:4.7.2-2 amd64
g++-mingw-w64-i686/raring 4.6.3-13ubuntu1+8 amd64
g++-mingw-w64-x86-64/raring 4.6.3-13ubuntu1+8 amd64
g++-mingw-w64/raring 4.6.3-13ubuntu1+8 all
g++-multilib/raring 4:4.7.3-1ubuntu10 amd64
g++-powerpc-linux-gnu/raring 4:4.7.2-1 amd64
#安装11
sudo apt install g++-11
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
cpp-11 gcc-11 gcc-11-base gcc-13-base libasan6 libatomic1 libcc1-0 libgcc-11-dev libgcc-s1 libgomp1 libitm1 liblsan0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-11-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1
Suggested packages:
gcc-11-locales g++-11-multilib gcc-11-doc gcc-11-multilib libstdc++-11-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
cpp-11 g++-11 gcc-11 gcc-11-base gcc-13-base libasan6 libgcc-11-dev libstdc++-11-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
libatomic1 libcc1-0 libgcc-s1 libgomp1 libitm1 liblsan0 libquadmath0 libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1
10 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 50.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 158 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
设置新版本为默认编译器
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-11 100
验证安装
g++ --version
查看当前系统安装的版本及切换命令
sudo update-alternatives --config g++
默认太老了，才g++-4.7，很多新的源码无法编译
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